Inquiry-Driven Leadership,Negotiation,Strategy,Management,Leadership,Curiosity

Inquiry-Driven Leadership: Empowering Teams for Innovation and Collaboration through Curiosity

In a global tech firm, a team met weekly; tension filled the air over a project hurdle. Then, their leader asked, “What if we tried something new?” This sparked a wave of ideas, changing the mood to excitement.

Inquiry-driven leadership is more than a trend; it’s a strategy for team empowerment and innovation. With over 20 years of experience, it has transformed industries and cultures1. Rooted in the practice of leading with questions rather than directives, this approach fosters an environment where curiosity is valued, and every team member feels encouraged to contribute their ideas and perspectives.

One of the leading figures in this movement is Hal Gregersen, the Executive Director of the MIT Leadership Center and a globally recognized authority on leadership and innovation2. With over two decades of experience, Gregersen has dedicated his career to understanding how asking the right questions can unlock creative solutions and drive organizational success. His work emphasizes that the most effective leaders are those who cultivate a culture of inquiry, prompting teams to challenge assumptions and explore new possibilities.

Curiosity in leadership goes beyond business. In schools, it leads to deeper learning and better retention3. In business, it sparks innovation and problem-solving.

Leaders who encourage questioning and exploration create a culture of curiosity and innovation. This approach has worked in big companies, like GE and Unilever, leading to brand shifts1.

This leadership style has a wide impact. It has engaged over 25,000 leaders worldwide, showing its effectiveness1. It boosts productivity and improves critical thinking and problem-solving skills3.

Key Takeaways

  • Inquiry-driven leadership fosters innovation and collaboration
  • Curiosity is a powerful tool for empowering teams
  • This approach has been successful across various industries
  • It enhances problem-solving and critical thinking skills
  • Inquiry-based methods increase engagement and motivation
  • Leaders can cultivate a culture of curiosity in the workplace
  • Continuous learning is key for effective inquiry-driven leadership

Understanding Inquiry-Driven Leadership

Inquiry-driven leadership changes how leaders lead their teams by emphasizing curiosity and open-mindedness. Instead of immediately providing answers, these leaders ask thoughtful questions, encouraging team members to think deeply and contribute their ideas. This approach fosters a collaborative environment where exploration and innovation thrive.

Defining Inquiry-Driven Leadership

This method uses questions to get results. Leaders ask more than they tell, which boosts teamwork and engagement4. It shifts from fear to learning, helping teams thrive4. Inquiry-driven leadership is an approach that leverages the power of thoughtful questioning to achieve results. Instead of directing team members with immediate answers or commands, leaders engage by asking insightful questions. This method boosts teamwork and engagement by encouraging team members to think critically and contribute their ideas. By shifting the focus from telling to asking, it transforms the organizational culture from one of fear to one of continuous learning and growth, helping teams to thrive.

The Role of Curiosity in Leadership

Curiosity is key to good leadership. It’s a top strength in positive psychology5. Rod Kurtz at Wharton says curiosity is essential for leaders5. Curiosity is a fundamental attribute of effective leadership. Recognized as a top strength in positive psychology, it drives leaders to explore new ideas and embrace diverse perspectives. This innate desire to learn and understand is essential for navigating the complexities of today’s rapidly changing business environment.

Curious leaders inspire innovation by encouraging their teams to think creatively and challenge the status quo. They know when to motivate employees to explore new possibilities, fostering an environment where questioning and experimentation are welcomed. They also understand customers better, leading to better products5.

By prioritizing curiosity, leaders not only cultivate their own growth but also empower their teams to continuously learn and adapt, which is crucial for sustained innovation and competitiveness.

Benefits of an Inquiry-Based Approach

This approach makes workplaces better and encourages a proactive culture4. Curious leaders spot ways to improve, leading to growth5. They also make clearer decisions by asking questions4.

Aspect Traditional Leadership Inquiry-Driven Leadership
Communication Style Directive Questioning
Problem-Solving Approach Leader provides solutions Team develops solutions
Innovation Limited Encouraged
Employee Engagement Passive Active

By using inquiry-driven leadership, teams can reach their full growth. This drives innovation and success in today’s complex world.

The Shift from Traditional to Inquiry-Driven Leadership

Leadership is changing, moving from old ways to new ones. The old style was top-down and strict. Now, we see more teamwork and everyone’s voice being heard6.

Inquiry-driven leadership is a big change. It’s about working together, not just telling others what to do. Leaders now inspire and work with their teams, not just boss them around.

This change means leaders must learn new things. They start asking more questions. This brings new ideas and better results7.

The move to inquiry-driven leadership means:

  • Going from being selfish to humble
  • Choosing curiosity over knowing everything
  • Welcoming different views and open talks
  • Creating a place where everyone feels valued and can make a difference

Leaders who ask questions lead by example. This makes teams more creative and motivated7. Companies that try new ways find better communication and happier workers6.

Cultivating a Culture of Curiosity in the Workplace

A workplace culture built on curiosity can lead to transformative outcomes for organizations. When leaders actively encourage curiosity among their teams, they often witness significant improvements in teamwork, innovation, and problem-solving. Such an environment not only sparks new ideas but also enhances collaboration, as team members feel empowered to explore, question, and share their unique perspectives.

Companies that successfully cultivate curiosity tend to experience higher levels of employee engagement. Employees become more invested in their work when they are encouraged to be inquisitive and think creatively. This heightened engagement can lead to increased productivity, job satisfaction, and a stronger commitment to the organization’s goals and companies that do this well see their employees more engaged by 35%8.

Encouraging Open Communication

Open talk is essential for curiosity to grow. When leaders ask, “What do you think?”, they open up space for different views.

Open communication is essential for fostering a culture of curiosity within the workplace. When leaders ask team members, “What do you think?”, they create space for diverse perspectives and encourage open dialogue. This simple question can make teamwork and sharing knowledge better by 40%8, as it invites input from all team members and values their contributions. Organizations that promote such open communication often experience substantial improvements in collaboration and information exchange. By actively seeking the opinions of others, leaders not only empower their teams but also drive innovation and collective problem-solving.

Rewarding Innovative Thinking

Valuing new ideas boosts creativity. Companies that focus on curiosity see 25% more innovation than others8. Companies that foster a culture of curiosity and prioritize innovative thinking often experience 25% more innovation than those that do not. This focus on encouraging creativity leads to more effective problem-solving and better decision-making processes. By recognizing and rewarding innovative contributions, leaders motivate their teams to think outside the box and continuously seek improved solutions.

Providing Opportunities for Learning and Exploration

Learning chances are key for curiosity. Companies that keep learning see 20% more team work8. This focus on learning not only sharpens skills but also keeps employees happy and around longer.

Aspect Impact of Curiosity
Employee Engagement 35% higher
Innovation Output 25% increase
Collaboration 40% improvement
Team Productivity 20% increase

By building a culture of curiosity, leaders can make their workplace more lively, innovative, and productive. This way not only helps the business grow but also makes employees happier and more fulfilled.

The Impact of Curiosity on Team Motivation and Productivity

Curiosity is key in team motivation and productivity. Leaders who encourage curiosity help their teams adapt to change. This leads to creative solutions and better decision-making9.

In luxury real estate, curiosity is essential for success. It boosts profits, improves team work, and makes roles more fulfilling. It also enhances leadership and connects people to their firms9. Curiosity is important in many fields, making professionals more competitive and successful.

Impact of curiosity on team motivation

Curiosity is a basic skill that improves other workplace abilities. It helps with problem-solving, listening, and teamwork9. By asking questions and showing interest in colleagues, teams become more collaborative and trusting.

A culture that values curiosity boosts engagement and innovation10. Leaders are key in creating this culture. Their curiosity-driven communication improves team interactions10.

Leaders can encourage curiosity with six strategies. They include letting go of control and expecting surprises9. These actions help create a culture of learning, collaboration, and innovation10.

The effect of curiosity on teams is clear. It leads to breakthroughs and new opportunities. By embracing curiosity, leaders can unlock their teams’ full power and succeed in today’s fast-paced business world.

The Interconnection of Leadership Qualities

Good leaders have many qualities that help them succeed. A study found that leaders who are humble, empathetic, and curious do well in delegating tasks11. Effective leaders possess a combination of qualities that contribute to their success. Traits such as humility, empathy, and curiosity significantly enhance a leader’s ability to delegate tasks and manage teams efficiently. These attributes are fundamental to inquiry-driven leadership, enabling leaders to approach challenges with an open mind and foster a collaborative environment. By embracing these qualities, leaders can build stronger relationships within their teams and encourage a culture of mutual respect and continuous learning.

Applying Curiosity to Negotiation and Strategy

Curiosity is vital in negotiation strategy. Kwame Christian, Director of the American Negotiation Institute, highlights the role of compassionate curiosity in negotiations12. Curiosity plays a crucial role in negotiation and strategic decision-making. Kwame Christian, Director of the American Negotiation Institute, highlights the importance of compassionate curiosity in negotiations. This approach involves genuinely seeking to understand the emotions and perspectives of all parties involved. By applying compassionate curiosity, leaders can navigate difficult conversations more effectively, uncover underlying issues, and collaboratively develop creative solutions. This method not only leads to better negotiation outcomes but also strengthens relationships and fosters a problem-solving mindset within teams.

Curiosity as a Management Tool

Curiosity boosts problem-solving and team involvement. Companies that focus on creativity and innovation see better problem-solving skills11. The need for negotiation skills has grown, with a 43% increase in job postings from 2018 to 201913. This shows the importance of curiosity in today’s business world.

By using inquiry-driven leadership, managers can build a culture of ongoing growth and flexibility. This approach improves decision-making and boosts innovation and team performance. Curiosity is a powerful asset in management, significantly enhancing problem-solving abilities and boosting team engagement. Organizations that prioritize creativity and innovation often see their employees excel in tackling complex challenges. The increasing emphasis on negotiation skills in the business world underscores the importance of curiosity, as it fosters deeper understanding and more effective communication among all parties involved.

By embracing inquiry-driven leadership, managers can cultivate a culture of continuous growth and adaptability. This approach not only improves decision-making processes but also stimulates innovation and elevates overall team performance. When curiosity is embedded in management practices, employees become more engaged and are better equipped to navigate complexities, ultimately contributing to the organization’s success.

Developing a Learner Mindset for Effective Leadership

Effective leadership is all about learning. It keeps you growing and opens up new ideas. Leaders who learn see challenges as chances to grow. They quickly adapt and motivate their teams to do the same.

Being open to new things is key. It means looking at problems with fresh eyes. Leaders who do this find new solutions and encourage creativity in their teams14.

Being vulnerable is important too. It lets leaders openly ask for and accept feedback. This makes a safe space for new ideas and teamwork14.

Changing from a fixed to a growth mindset is a big step. It helps leaders see failures as chances to learn. This way, they bounce back faster and make better choices15.

Fixed Mindset Growth Mindset
Avoids challenges Embraces challenges
Gives up easily Persists in face of setbacks
Sees effort as fruitless Views effort as path to mastery
Ignores useful feedback Learns from criticism

Leaders who focus on strengths do better than those who only see weaknesses. This positive mindset boosts team performance and encourages ongoing improvement15.

“The capacity to learn is a gift; the ability to learn is a skill; the willingness to learn is a choice.” – Brian Herbert

By adopting a learner mindset, leaders improve their decision-making and problem-solving. This not only helps them but also inspires their teams. It creates a culture of ongoing learning and growth15.

Overcoming Barriers to Curiosity in Leadership

While fostering curiosity within a team yields significant benefits, leaders often face challenges that hinder this pursuit. These barriers can stifle innovation and impede organizational growth. Understanding and addressing them is crucial for creating a culture where curiosity thrives. Let’s delve into the primary obstacles leaders encounter and explore strategies to overcome them effectively.

Fear of Vulnerability

Vulnerability in leadership is often seen as a weakness. Many leaders fear that asking questions might show their lack of knowledge. This fear can stop curiosity and prevent learning.

To fight this, leaders should see vulnerability as a strength. It shows they are real and willing to learn.

The Illusion of Knowing Everything

Some leaders think they must have all the answers. This mindset can block curiosity and limit growth. Instead, leaders should have a growth mindset.

Encouraging questions and admitting when they don’t know something can inspire team members to be more curious.

Time Constraints and Pressure

Effective time management is key for curious leaders. The fast-paced business world often leaves little room for exploration. Leaders must make time for curiosity by prioritizing learning and reflection.

This can be done through regular team brainstorming sessions or dedicated learning time.

Barrier Impact Solution
Fear of Vulnerability Stifles curiosity Embrace vulnerability as strength
Illusion of Knowing Everything Limits growth Adopt a growth mindset
Time Constraints Hinders exploration Prioritize learning and reflection

By tackling these barriers, leaders can build a culture of curiosity. This drives innovation and teamwork. Coaching has been shown to improve performance, skill development, and goal-orientation16.

Embracing curiosity in leadership can lead to transformative learning. This changes old assumptions to create new insights and understandings16.

The Power of Asking Great Questions

Effective questioning techniques in leadership communication

Mastering the art of asking questions is key for leaders. It sparks curiosity and innovation, improving thinking and emotional smarts17. Leaders who ask the right questions motivate their teams, uncover challenges, and help make informed choices18.

Good questions do more than seek answers. They open up new possibilities and reveal deeper truths, leading to growth and success17. By asking thoughtful questions, leaders foster a culture of inquiry. This boosts creativity, adaptability, and innovation.

Open-ended questions are very effective. They make team members think deeply and share their insights, leading to better solutions. They also build trust and shared responsibility18. For instance, instead of asking “Did the project go well?”, ask “What did we learn from this project?”

Question Type Purpose Example
Open-ended Encourage elaboration What challenges did you face?
Reflective Promote self-analysis How might we approach this differently?
Clarifying Seek understanding Can you explain that further?

Avoid “why” questions that might make people defensive. Instead, focus on the tone and energy of your questions. Remember, great leaders are always learning, and they ask great questions1718.

Improving your questioning skills can make you a better leader. It creates a culture that values learning and adapting. This approach leads to success in work and encourages curiosity and innovation18.

Fostering Innovation through Inquiry-Driven Leadership

Inquiry-driven leadership plays a pivotal role in fostering innovation within organizations. By creating an environment where curiosity is valued and exploration is encouraged, leaders open the door for creativity and new ideas to flourish. Leaders who embody curiosity and promote open inquiry empower their teams to reach their full potential, driving innovation and propelling the organization forward.

Creating a Safe Space for Experimentation

Leaders need to make a safe space for trying new things. This lets team members take risks without fear of failure. By focusing on learning and growth, leaders can create a culture of exploration.

John Dewey’s ideas on curiosity in education apply to work too19.

Encouraging Diverse Perspectives

Different views are vital for innovation. Leaders should seek and welcome various opinions. This diversity leads to more creative solutions.

Working together improves teamwork and understanding, which are key for innovation19.

Embracing Failure as a Learning Opportunity

Seeing failure as a chance to learn is important. Leaders who do this create a culture where taking risks is okay. This aligns with inquiry-based learning, which involves exploring and asking questions19.

Studies show that internal drives like interest and fulfillment are more powerful than rewards for innovation. Leaders can foster these by valuing curiosity and exploration20.

Aspect Traditional Leadership Inquiry-Driven Leadership
Approach to Risk Risk-averse Encourages calculated risks
View on Failure Failure is negative Failure is a learning opportunity
Decision Making Top-down Collaborative and inclusive
Innovation Focus Incremental improvements Breakthrough innovations

By following these principles, leaders can build a culture of innovation. This empowers teams to explore, create, and innovate. It leads to success for the organization and growth and satisfaction for employees.

Enhancing Problem-Solving with Curiosity

Curiosity is key to innovation and solving problems in business. Leaders who are curious find new ways to tackle tough challenges. By encouraging a culture of inquiry, teams can share their knowledge and improve problem-solving skills21.

When leaders push their teams to think outside the box, they spark creativity. This leads to better solutions and helps avoid future problems. Curious leaders are proactive, setting a great example for their teams21.

Research shows curiosity boosts memory, making it essential for learning and solving problems. When people are curious, they tend to remember and use what they learn better22.

Problem-Solving Technique Benefit
Anticipating Problems Proactive solution-finding
Embracing Innovative Approaches Creative problem-solving
Seeing the Big Picture Comprehensive issue analysis
Handling One Problem at a Time Focused problem resolution

To boost curiosity in business, leaders should give teams time to explore freely. This lets them dive into new questions and come up with fresh ideas. Leaders who show curiosity themselves motivate their teams to see problems in new ways22.

Curiosity makes problem-solving more effective and creative. It helps teams think critically, adapt to new info, and see challenges as chances for growth and innovation21.

Building Trust and Engagement through Inquiry

Inquiry-driven leadership plays a crucial role in building trust and enhancing employee engagement within an organization. By actively encouraging questions and valuing the input of team members, leaders create an environment where individuals feel respected and heard. This open exchange fosters mutual trust, as employees recognize that their thoughts and ideas are not only welcomed but integral to the decision-making process.

When leaders prioritize inquiry, they demonstrate a genuine interest in their team’s perspectives, which boosts morale and engagement. Employees become more invested in their work, knowing that their contributions can influence outcomes. This sense of value and inclusion leads to higher levels of commitment, collaboration, and overall job satisfaction. Ultimately, fostering trust through inquiry not only strengthens team relationships but also drives organizational success by unlocking the full potential of its members.

Active Listening in Leadership

Active listening is key in inquiry-driven leadership. Leaders who listen well show they care about their team’s thoughts and worries. This builds trust and encourages open talk, leading to more engaged employees23.

Empowering Team Members to Share Ideas

Leaders who let their team share ideas tap into their collective wisdom. This leads to more creativity and new ideas. Studies show that trust in teams makes team members more productive and autonomous23.

Creating a Sense of Belonging

Inquiry-driven leaders value diverse views, creating a sense of belonging. This approach strengthens team bonds and boosts collaboration. Research shows that trust in teams leads to happier teams and more proactive idea sharing23.

By using these methods, leaders can greatly improve trust and engagement in their teams. The results are clear: a study of over 7,700 teams found a strong link between team trust and performance23. This shows the strength of inquiry-driven leadership in creating top teams.

The Role of Emotional Intelligence in Inquiry-Driven Leadership

Emotional intelligence is vital for leaders who drive inquiry. They can manage their feelings and understand their team’s. This helps in better communication and solving problems, even when things get tough. A study with 981 people showed how emotional intelligence links to leadership styles24.

Self-awareness is a big part of emotional intelligence. It helps leaders deal with stress and fear. These can block curiosity. By being mindful, leaders can think clearly and ask powerful questions. A study with 42 leaders in the U.S. and Israel showed emotional intelligence’s impact on leadership25.

Emotional intelligence matters outside of business too. A study on church planters found it’s linked to church growth in the first three years. Leaders who grew emotionally intelligent relied on others for self-perception26.

Building emotional intelligence is essential for inquiry-driven leaders. It keeps them curious and open to new ideas, even when things are uncertain. By practicing active listening and empathy, leaders create a culture of innovation. This boosts team performance and success in many fields.

FAQ

What is inquiry-driven leadership?

Inquiry-driven leadership focuses on curiosity and questioning. It encourages leaders to ask questions instead of giving answers. This approach helps team members learn to solve problems on their own.

What are the benefits of an inquiry-based approach?

An inquiry-based approach boosts a proactive work culture. It empowers employees and shows leadership. It also improves problem-solving and engagement.

How does inquiry-driven leadership differ from traditional leadership?

Inquiry-driven leadership is a new way of managing. It moves away from old ways where leaders held all the power. Now, leaders inspire and work together, not just tell others what to do.

How can leaders cultivate a culture of curiosity in the workplace?

Leaders can create a curious work environment. They should encourage open talk, reward new ideas, and offer chances to learn. Asking “What do you think?” helps get different views and makes everyone feel important.

How does curiosity impact team motivation and productivity?

Curiosity leads to many breakthroughs in science and business. It doesn’t just solve problems but also opens up new chances. This boosts team motivation and work quality.

How does inquiry-driven leadership interconnect with other leadership qualities?

Inquiry-driven leadership combines many leadership traits. These include negotiation, strategic thinking, and curiosity. Using curiosity in these areas leads to innovative solutions.

What is a learner mindset, and why is it important for effective leadership?

A learner mindset means starting fresh and open-minded. It’s key for leaders because it lets them see challenges as chances to learn and grow.

What barriers can prevent curiosity in leadership, and how can they be overcome?

Fear, thinking you know everything, and busy schedules can stop curiosity. Overcoming these needs mindfulness, emotional smarts, and time for thinking and asking questions.

Why is asking great questions important in inquiry-driven leadership?

Asking great questions is a leader’s strength. Great leaders learn by asking. Good questions spark creativity and innovation.

How can inquiry-driven leadership foster innovation?

Inquiry-driven leadership encourages trying new things and learning from mistakes. It lets team members be creative and take risks without fear.

How does curiosity enhance problem-solving?

Curiosity makes problem-solving better by looking at challenges from different sides. Curious leaders ask questions, helping team members learn and find creative solutions.

How does inquiry-driven leadership build trust and engagement?

Inquiry-driven leadership builds trust by listening and empowering team members. It creates a sense of belonging, making everyone feel valued and heard.

What role does emotional intelligence play in inquiry-driven leadership?

Emotional intelligence is vital for inquiry-driven leadership. It helps leaders manage stress and fear, keeping them curious and open. Leaders with emotional smarts communicate better and solve problems more effectively.

Source Links

  1. Empowering Organizations: Core Leader’s Leadership Excellence – https://coreleader.com/about-us/
  2. Hal Gregersen – https://sternstrategy.com/speakers/hal-gregersen/
  3. Inquiry-Based Learning: Converting 8 Challenges into Opportunities for Teachers – alisonyang.com – https://alisonyang.com/inquiry-based-learning-challenges-to-strategies/
  4. Why inquiring leaders have an advantage – SmartBrief – https://www.smartbrief.com/original/why-inquiring-leaders-have-an-advantage
  5. Curiosity: The Gateway Competency – https://www.chieflearningofficer.com/2013/01/18/curiosity-the-gateway-competency/
  6. Lateral Leadership: A New Approach to Leadership in Today’s Evolving Corporate Environment – CMPartners – https://www.cmpartners.com/negotiators-pause/lateral-leadership-new-approach-leadership-todays-evolving-corporate-environment/
  7. Leaders, You’re Not Asking Enough Questions – Simply Driven Search – https://simplydrivensearch.com/leaders-youre-not-asking-enough-questions/
  8. Listening skills – https://hbr.org/topic/subject/listening-skills
  9. Curiosity: The NEW Top Talent Competency – https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/curiosity-new-top-talent-competency-robert
  10. Tip 9 – Beyond Assumptions: Fostering Curiosity in Difficult Conversations | Fierce – https://fierceinc.com/beyond-assumptions/
  11. The Six Professional Competencies – https://vpge.stanford.edu/professional-development/competencies-grad-grow
  12. Negotiation with Compassion — The Conversation Factory – https://theconversationfactory.com/podcast/negotiation-with-compassion-kwame-christian
  13. Mastering Negotiation and Influence – https://executive.mit.edu/course/mastering-negotiation-and-influence/a056g00000URaaRAAT.html
  14. 3 Mindset Shifts To Turn Creativity Into Effective Business Strategy – https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/3-mindset-shifts-turn-creativity-effective-business-nixon-phd
  15. Effective leadership starts with having the right mindset – https://www.plexusleadership.com/leadership-mindset-effectiveness/
  16. Leadership – https://natashakenny.ca/tag/leadership/
  17. The Power Behind Asking Questions – https://personalbrandingblog.com/the-power-behind-asking-questions/
  18. The Power of Asking the Right Questions – https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/power-asking-right-questions-eric-bull-wzsec
  19. Fostering Inquiry-Based Learning – https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/fostering-inquiry-based-learning-roni-napier
  20. Leader strategies for motivating innovation in individuals: a systematic review – https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7357774/
  21. Leadership in Victim Services, Chapter 3. Essential Skills for Leaders: Creative Problem Solving – https://www.ncjrs.gov/ovc_archives/leadership/files/chapter3.pdf
  22. Teaching Strategies: Sparking Curiosity in Learning – https://www.waldenu.edu/online-masters-programs/ms-in-education/resource/teaching-strategies-sparking-curiosity-in-learning
  23. Building trusting relationships to support implementation: A proposed theoretical model – https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10012819/
  24. PDF – https://chools.in/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/LEADERSHIP-AND-EMOTIONAL-INTELLIGENCE.pdf
  25. Educational Leaders Perceptions of Emotional Intelligence and How it Effects their Professional Practice – https://via.library.depaul.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=&httpsredir=1&article=1037&context=soe_etd
  26. Exploring the role of emotional intelligence in the effectiveness of lead church planters – https://digitalcommons.pepperdine.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1485&context=etd

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